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Notes:

-230 new emojis in 2019

- Since 2014 they continues to broaden its diversity and inclusivity while adding also a toch of silliness.

- They also made a guide dog, a hindu temple, symbols for the deaf and disabled.

- Two people holding hands with a total of 171 gender and skin and hair tone variations.

Notes:

- Graphic designer o’plérou grebet designed a series of ‘African emojis’ that reflect the culture of his home country.

- He created more than 370 designs.

- Grebet’s designs aren’t official emojis, because they have not been approved by the unicode consortium.

- He currently working on a submission to the body.

Notes:

- Apple has swapped out the official headshots of its executive mangement team for memojis.

- The PR stunt commemorates the reveal of 70 new emojis.

- First emoji was created in the late 90s by Japanese designer Shigetaka Kurita.

Marchese, Kieron. “Apple celebrates world emoji day by swapping its executives’ headshots for memojis.” designboom.com. 17 jul. 2018. Web. 4 may 2020.

Notes:

- In 2015, the Unicode Consortium introduced five skin tone emoji that can be used in combination with emoji representing human figures and body parts.

- After characterizing the global distribution of skin tone emoji, a sentiment analysis is conducted. The correlation of skin tone emoji and sentiment may reflect demographic and economic realities but can also shed light on evolving attitudes towards skin color, race and ethnicity.

- Globally, more than 25 million tweets contained emoji that could take skin tone values, and these tweets contained approximately 19 million skin tone emoji.

Coats, Steven. "Skin tone emoji and sentiment on twitter." arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.00444 (2018).

Notes:

- What is a white life? Huisje boompje, beestje

- Circles of skin color that I don't know how they overlap

- Skin color can make you shy

- Your name is often linked to your skin color

Notes:

- Dark skin tone is always appointed (news, When they see us, intouchables)

- Jobs divided by skin color

- Color blindness (One Color)

- Rules for involving dark people in a sport / community

- How racist is the world?

Eddo-Lodge, Reni. “Why I’m no longer talking to white people about race.” The guardian.com,
30 may 2017. Web. 4 may 2020.

When they see us, Asante Blackk, Caleel Harris, Ethan Herisse, Jharrel Jerome and Marquis Rodriguez. Ava DuVernay, 2019. Film.

Marchese, Kieron. “o’plérou grebet designs 'african emojis' to reflect the culture of his country.” designboom.com. 4 feb. 2020. Web. 4 may 2020.

Notes:

- You are not black enough

- White and dark parents

- Racist remarks are lasting memories

- Skin color is the first thing you see when you meet someone

Smith, Raven. “My dad said I wasn’t black enough. At last, I know what he meant.” The guardian.com. 26 apr. 2020. Web. 4 may 2020.

Notes:

- White is also a color
- Should white people integrate in the Netherlands, just like dark people?
- Racists are the other, not us (white people)
- Racism is a structural phenomenon and is found in all layers of society
- White skin gives you benefits you don't know about
- The first step to a just world is that you first have to take a critical look at yourself
- In what area do we all discriminate and should we talk about this?
- Raising color blind
- Racism starts with ourselves and are we aware of this?
- White is not neutral or blank because white is also a color

Notes:

- To make them look more human in terms of skin color, and five skin tones were added, and the idea was that this was going to help to represent human diversity.
- What we found is that overwhelmingly, people do pick a skin tone on an emoji that is very close to their own skin tone in real life.
- You’re going to find more light-skinned emoji on Twitter, and that’s simple because there are just more white people on Twitter.
- When you can control for different population sizes, you can actually look at their relative usages of these skin tone colors, and that’s where you see that white people essentially use them less often than people with darker skin tones.
- But in this new study that we’ve done, we looked at cases where people were using a skin tone color for their emoji that didn’t match their actual skin color.
- We found that often people will use them to refer to other people or to groups of people.
- what the data shows is that no, white people are essentially shameless, and they are using these very often but at a lesser rate than people with darker skins. I think that’s essentially because there isn’t that sense of pride that goes alongside being white, potentially, in the same way that, for minorities, taking that minority status and turning it into a badge of honor, that’s one way of dealing with being a minority and being proud of yourself and your background. Therefore, emoji can be a way of doing that.

Carman, Ashley. “The five emoji skin tone options don’t accommodate a diverse world.” The verge.com. 12 dec. 2018. Web. 6 may 2020.

Wit is ook een kleur. Directed by Sunny Bergman, De Familie Film & TV in coproduction with VPRO, 2016. Web. 4 may 2020.

Notes:

- 2008: released a phone with support for 90 distinct emoji characters in 1997.
- Predate the set of 176 emojis released by docomo 1999.
- Emojipedia was founded in 2013.
- It was only by 2014 and 2015 where public interest and awareness in emoji and how it relates to major tech companies increased.
- 1 november 1997: Softbank released the SkyWalker DP-211SW with 90 distinct emoji characters.
- Wingdings, Webdings or Zapf Dingbats fonts of the 1990s. (Emojis aren’t much different then these)

Burge, Jeremy. “Correcting the Record on the First Emoji Set.” blog.emojipedia.org. 8 mar. 2019. Web. 11 may 2020.

Notes:

- The promise of digital communication - being able to stay in closer touch with people - was being offset by this accompanying increase in miscommunication
- 2011: With the release of iOS 5, the emojis made their real international debut. As people found out how to enable the characters on their phones, little pictures of guardsmen and faces with stuck-out tongues started sprouting up all over Twitter, Instagram, and Tumblr.

Blagdon, Jeff. “How emoji conquered the world.” The verge.com. 4 mar. 2013. Web. 11 may 2020.

Burge, Jeremy. “Emojipedia Lookups At All Time High.” blog.emojipedia.org. 15 apr. 2020. Web. 11 may 2020.

Notes:

- The emoji Jamil had used - Face with Hand Over Mouth - looks subtly different on her iPhone compared to those using the Twitter website.
- The same emoji when viewed on the Twitter website on a Windows PC or Mac shows Twitter's own emoji design, which shows a stifled laugh - the more common depiction of this emoji.
- This emoji is scheduled for a fix in 2022, with the Unicode Emoji Subcommittee proposing a new emoji for the serious / shocked face with one hand covering the mouth. This would pave the way for vendors - mostly Apple here - to unify the existing emoji as stifling a laugh.

Burge, Jeremy. “On Families and Equality.” blog.emojipedia.org. 6 may 2020. Web. 11 may 2020.

Notes:

- Last year 100 new emojis were released to support combinations of people holding hands, with each allowing a different skin tone.
- But what about the families? 26 family units now sit on the emoji keyboard, and to the increasing confusion of users, none permit a change of skin tone on most platforms.
- Families are currently shown on most major platforms as default yellow.[4] This color is intended to represent a non-human skin tone. The families aren't white, nor are they black. At least that is the intention.
- Black Families have been a consistent request from Emojipedia users for a number of years, and a casual glance at Twitter shows this is consistently viewed as an oversight.

Notes:

- In 2015, the Unicode Consortium introduced five skin tone emoji that can be used in combination with emoji representing human figures and body parts.

- Every time I use an emoji, I have to make a choice: Do I use a colored racemoji, and draw attention to my ethnicity (even when it's not pertinent), or do I use a default emoji, which may misrepresent me altogether.

-This seems to be the crux of the matter. White people don’t have to use racemoji or risk denying their identity

-So it becomes a self-reinforcing cycle. When white people opt out of racemoji in favor of the “default” yellow, those symbols become even more closely associated with whiteness—and the notion that white is the only raceless color.

Notes:

-For the past decade, it has set a similar standard for the emoji keyboard, so that nothing gets garbled in transit from one device to the other.

- Emojis offer a creative and universal form of expression that transcends language. They can even help bridge cultural and social divides as people develop vernaculars that are uniquely their own, yet accessible to all.

- Anyone can propose new emojis to the consortium.

https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/white-people-dont-use-white-emoji/481695/. Web. 11 may 2020.

Neira, Juliana. “A closer look at the 230 new emojis arriving in 2019.” designboom.com. 6 feb. 2019. Web. 4 may 2020. Web. 11 may 2020.

Notes:

-Trying to pick the right emoji to convey exactly what you're feeling

-The problem is, the emoji you choose might be sending the wrong message

-If you believ that black skin is an inherent part of her message, she adds, then she needs to think harder about what it is about black skin that enhances her message.

-It wasn't until 2015 that we got another five skin tones to choose from. Now, I can virtually high-five my friends with a brown hand that looks more like mine.

Devarajan, Kumari. “White Skin, Black Emojis?.” Apr.org,
12 mar. 2018. Web. 11 may 2020.

Notes:

- But when he pressed down on the waving hand, he had to make a choice, and when confronted with four other skin tones and the “default” yellow

- White people, however, seem to have had a less comfortable relationship to the skin-tone option.

- You could say, for white people, the option of choosing and performing a skin tone provided a moment of awkward reckoning: They had to confront their whiteness, which is something they rarely have to do.

“General-purpose emoji for people and body parts should also not be given overly specific images: the general recommendation is to be as neutral as possible regarding race, ethnicity, and gender.”

Notes:

- The early emoji sets embodied these racial logics by representing the human characters as uniformly light-skinned, creating a seamless extension of whiteness in the interface for white users.

- Many white users suggested using the yellow emoji as an alternative to selecting one of the “realistic” skin-tone emoji options. For instance, in response to her own question “Is it weird to still use white emoji?,”

- Every time I use an emoji, I have to make a choice: Do I use a colored racemoji, and draw attention to my ethnicity (even when it’s not pertinent), or do I use a default emoji, which may misrepresent me altogether?